What does "electrical ground fault" mean?

An electrical ground fault refers specifically to an unintended or abnormal connection between a source of electrical current and the ground. This situation can occur when insulation fails, or there is damage to wiring, allowing current to flow along an unintended path. The result can be dangerous because it poses a shock hazard; current may travel through conductive materials like water or the human body, which can lead to serious injuries or fatalities.

Ground faults are particularly critical in wet or damp environments since water is a good conductor and can increase the risk of electric shock. Ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) are devices designed to protect against ground faults by quickly cutting off the power supply when they detect such faults. Understanding this concept is vital for ensuring safety in residential electrical systems and for compliance with electrical codes designed to protect people and property.