What is the standard voltage for most household circuits in the United States?

The standard voltage for most household circuits in the United States is 120 volts. This voltage is used primarily for standard household appliances and lighting. Most outlets in a typical home supply this voltage, which is suitable for everyday devices such as lamps, computers, televisions, and small kitchen appliances.

The choice of 120 volts is not arbitrary; it represents a balance between effective energy use, safety, and compatibility with various devices. Higher voltages, such as 240 volts, are also used in certain applications, particularly for larger appliances like dryers and ovens, but 120 volts remains the norm for standard circuits found throughout residences. Other options, such as 480 volts and 60 volts, are not representative of typical household electrical systems; 480 volts is generally reserved for industrial settings, while 60 volts is too low for standard household use. Thus, 120 volts is the most widely recognized and utilized voltage level in U.S. residential electrical systems.